Journal: Poultry Science
Article Title: High-sensitivity multiplex real-time RT-PCR for universal detection and virulence typing of Newcastle disease virus in poultry field samples
doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2026.106790
Figure Lengend Snippet: Phylogenetic analysis based on the complete F gene sequences of NDV strains. Phylogenetic trees were constructed using the neighbor-joining method in MEGA version 11.0 with bootstrap values ≥ 70% indicated at branch nodes. (A) Overall phylogeny of 97 field NDV isolates (green squares) and seven reference strains (red circles) retrieved from GenBank, grouped into Class II genotypes I, II, V, VII, IX, XI, and XX. (B) Sub-genotypic classification of genotype VII strains, illustrating clustering into subgenotypes VII.1.1 (formerly VIIb, VIId, VIIe), VII.1.2 (formerly VIIf), and VII.2 (formerly VIIh, VIIi).
Article Snippet: To design universal primers for the HN gene and virulence-specific primers for the F gene, full-length sequences of each target were retrieved from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) GenBank database.
Techniques: Construct